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This is a list of rapids of the Columbia River, listed in upriver order. The river flows through Canada and the USA. Almost all of these rapids are now submerged in the reservoirs of dams. The list is not exhaustive; there were numerous minor rapids and riffles, many of which were never named. ==Mouth to Snake River== * Cascade Rapids (The Cascades, Grand Rapids, Cascade Falls, Cascades of the Columbia): Located at river mile 146.5 near today's Bonneville Dam in the Columbia River Gorge; at . The river fell about over approximately , through a channel about wide. Submerged in 1937 under Lake Bonneville, the reservoir of Bonneville Dam. See also Bridge of the Gods, Cascade Locks and Canal, Greenleaf Peak, and Table Mountain. * Celilo Falls and The Dalles (many variant names including: The Chutes, Columbia Falls, Great Falls of the Columbia, Five Mile Rapids, Long Narrows, Les Grand Dalles de la Columbia, The Dalles of the Columbia): A series of rapids located between river mile 188 and 200 near today's The Dalles, Oregon in the Columbia River Gorge. The entire set of rapids was known by various names such as The Dalles and The Narrows. The river fell about over approximately , through a channel that narrowed to wide in one section. Rapids and falls within the series included (in order upriver): Threemile Rapids, , The Dalles Rapids (not to be confused with the whole series of rapids), ; Fivemile Rapids, ; Tenmile Rapids, ;, and Celilo Falls, ;. Except for Threemile Rapids, the entire series of rapids was submerged in 1957 under Lake Celilo, the reservoir of The Dalles Dam. Threemile Rapids is just below the dam, at the upper end of Lake Bonneville, the reservoir of Bonneville Dam. See also Celilo Canal, Celilo Village, Oregon, and Wishram village. * Preachers Eddy: Located at river mile 214, , near Rufus, Oregon. * Schofield Rapids: Located at river mile 215, just below today's John Day Dam; at . It was small and not a significant hazard. It was submerged in 1957 by the uppermost waters of Lake Celilo, the reservoir of The Dalles Dam. * John Day Rapids: Located between river mile 216 and 218, near the mouth of the John Day River and consisting of two main rapids: the Lower John Day Rapids, at , and the Upper John Day Rapids, at . The Army Corps of Engineers made efforts to improve navigation at the rapids. In 1911 a "large reef" was removed from the "middle rapids".〔 The rapids were submerged in 1971 under Lake Umatilla, the reservoir of John Day Dam. * Indian Rapids: Located at river mile 220, just above the mouth of the John Day River, at . It was small and not a significant hazard. When David Thompson visited the rapids on August 2, 1811, he named it Muscle Rapids due to the many shells he found there.〔 The rapids were submerged in 1971 under Lake Umatilla, the reservoir of John Day Dam. * Squally Hook Rapids: Located at river mile 223, a few miles above the mouth of the John Day River, at . It was not a major hazard although one commentator described it as "short sharp and savage". In 1912 the Army Corps of Engineers improved navigation by drilling and blasting rocks at the rapids.〔 The rapids were submerged in 1971 under Lake Umatilla, the reservoir of John Day Dam. * Rock Creek Rapids: Located near the mouth of Rock Creek,〔 approximately river mile 227 to 228. Described as "rough and rowdy" but not particularly hazardous.〔 * Blalock Rapids: A very minor rapid, probably located near the railway siding of Blalock at the mouth of Blalock Canyon, approximate river mile 233.〔 It was submerged in 1971 under Lake Umatilla, the reservoir of John Day Dam. * Owyhee Rapids: A very minor rapid〔 located at river mile 240, , near Arlington, Oregon. It was submerged in 1971 under Lake Umatilla, the reservoir of John Day Dam. * Canoe Encampement Rapids: A minor rapid〔 located at river mile 265.5, , about below Boardman, Oregon. In 1912 the Army Corps of Engineers improved navigation at the rapids by removing "two large reefs" and several smaller ones from the center of the channel, which had been a hazard during low-water.〔 The rapids were submerged in 1971 under Lake Umatilla, the reservoir of John Day Dam. * Umatilla Rapids: A significant rapid, located at what is now McNary Dam, river mile 292, . There were at least three "riffles", with the third one downstream being the main one. The total length was somewhat over .〔 During the low-water seasons, about November to March, Umatilla Rapids became a barrier to steamboat navigation in the late 19th century. The lesser rapids below Umatilla also became more hazardous; larger boats might not even be able to reach Umatilla Rapids during low-water. During high-water large boats could operate from Celilo Falls upriver as far as Lewiston, Idaho on the Snake River. The low-water season effectively suspended river navigation above Umatilla Rapids and on the Snake River. In 1912 the Army Corps of Engineers described the Upper Umatilla Rapids as having two channels. The north channel, known as the low-water channel, was "narrow and tortuous at low water, but has been the only available channel". The south channel, known as the high-water channel, was used only during the high and medium stages of the river.〔 In 1891 rocks were blasted in Umatilla Rapids to create a passage for steamboats during low water.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher= Center for Columbia River History )〕 Additional work to improve navigation was done in 1910 and 1911.〔 The rapids were submerged in 1954 under Lake Wallula, the reservoir of McNary Dam. Parts of the dam were built on top of the lower portion of the rapids. In 1805 the Lewis and Clark Expedition gave the name Musselshell Rapids due to the numerous mussels.〔(Washington Place Names ), Tacoma Public Library〕 * Homley Rapids (Homly Rapids): A very minor rapid located about below Pasco, Washington.〔 In 1911 the Army Corps of Engineers described "Homly Rapids" as "the shoalest on the Columbia between Celilo and the mouth of the Snake River", and that the river was divided by numerous islands, with the main channel passing between "islands Nos. 4 and 5". The Corps made efforts to improve navigation by removing obstructions from the main channel and by building "wing dams" to force more water into the main channel.〔 The rapids were submerged in 1954 under Lake Wallula, the reservoir of McNary Dam. * Bull Run Rapids: A very minor rapid located a few miles below Wallula Gap.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of rapids of the Columbia River」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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